Proofreading
This is the final stage of the writing process before publication. Proofreading includes correcting errors related to grammar, punctuation, spelling, typos, formatting issues, and inconsistencies.
Formatting
Formatting checks to make sure the text is correct according to the selected style, such
as MLA, APA, or Chicago style, as well as for any other specific style sheet chosen by a
graduate school, journal, or book publisher.
Editing
Editing is the process of preparing your text for publication. This process includes the
work of proofreading (above) along with looking at the overall organizational structure
and flow of the text. In more detail, this work looks at paragraph cohesion and organization, examines the development of the argument, detects obvious factual errors, and clarifies ambiguous or obscure expressions. The goal is to provide feedback for the best overall structural, organizational, and logical flow of the text with clear and concise language.
Developmental Editing
Development editing includes the work of editing (above) but is more like working with a writing coach who provides support at any stage of the writing (drafting) process. The focus is on the process of writing as a recurrent activity. I can give you tips and guidance on:
- how to brainstorm ideas
- gathering sources and information
- planning and organizing those ideas into paragraphs
- developing a good overall flow of the ideas, including through the use of transitions and “rhetorical moves”
- integrating appropriate and relevant use of information, evidence, and sources (if relevant)
- developing your argument (and writing your thesis statement)
For more about the different kinds of professional writing support, read this article from Jane Friedman as she interviews three professional editors about this topic.
Academic Editing
With my academic background, having earned a PhD in translation studies from Binghamton University, I specialize in academic editing and working with the following clients:
- graduate students writing a doctoral dissertation, master’s thesis, or journal article
- early-year faculty preparing a journal article or book manuscript for submission/publication
- international students or faculty seeking feedback from a native English-language academic writer to ensure that the text is clear and concise
I have conducted research on the emotional and psychological aspects of writing because I’ve been there- believe me! I still have those days. However, I have developed systems to overcome writing anxiety and writer’s block which develop from that overwhelming feeling that comes up while writing. As a result, I have been able to submit and publish my work. And you can, too!
Erin Riddle 